THOMAS, J.
After a car accident, Lincoln General Insurance Company, individually and as subrogee of Jose Salgado, Blanca Acosta, Miguel S., Ofelia S. and Cathy Alafaro (collectively, Respondents) sued Progressive Northern Insurance Company, Avery Strickland, and Jennifer Strickland. Lincoln General sought a declaratory judgment that Jennifer Strickland's policy with Progressive covered the accident, pursuant to the South Carolina Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Act (the
The facts are not disputed. Jennifer Strickland and Avery Strickland were married. Jennifer took out an insurance policy with Progressive on a motor vehicle she owned. The record does not contain the entire insurance policy. The record contains an endorsement that provides the following:
The named driver endorsement was signed by Jennifer and indicated that Avery surrendered his license to the Department of Motor Vehicles. No party disputes the accuracy of this representation.
In March 2009, Jennifer entrusted the vehicle to Avery. While operating the car, he was involved in an accident with a vehicle owned by Jose Salgado. Avery was at-fault, but Progressive refused coverage, contending Jennifer's policy was inapplicable while he was driving. Lincoln General paid uninsured motorist benefits to the occupants of Salgado's car under his policy.
Respondents and Progressive both moved for summary judgment. The trial court granted summary judgment to Lincoln General. It found the MVFRA required Progressive to cover the claim up to the mandatory minimum limits of liability, despite the named driver endorsement in Jennifer's policy. The court reasoned the MVFRA provides that an owner's liability policy is "absolute" when injury occurs and South Carolina case law requires liability carriers to cover losses up to the statutory limits regardless of the endorsement. This appeal followed.
Did the trial court err in granting Lincoln General summary judgment based upon a finding that Progressive must afford automobile liability insurance coverage up to the minimum limits despite the named driver endorsement?
"The purpose of summary judgment is to expedite the disposition of cases not requiring the services of a fact finder. When reviewing the grant of a summary judgment motion, this court applies the same standard that governs the trial court under Rule 56(c), SCRCP." Nakatsu v. Encompass Indem. Co., 390 S.C. 172, 177, 700 S.E.2d 283, 286 (Ct.App. 2010). Summary judgment is proper when there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Rule 56(c), SCRCP.
Progressive argues the trial court erred in awarding minimum limits liability coverage because the named driver endorsement in Jennifer's policy was statutorily authorized and therefore is not inconsistent with the public policy established by the MVFRA. We agree.
The cardinal rule of statutory construction is to ascertain and effectuate the intent of the Legislature. Hodges
Under the MVFRA, an insurance carrier's liability for "insurance required by this chapter" is "absolute whenever injury or damage covered by the motor vehicle liability policy occurs." S.C.Code Ann. § 56-9-20(5)(b)(1) (2006). Automobile insurance policies may not be issued unless they "contain[] a provision insuring the persons defined as the insured" in liability coverage at a minimum of $25,000 per person for bodily injury, $50,000 per accident for bodily injury, and $25,000 per accident for injury to property. S.C.Code Ann. § 38-77-140(A) (Supp.2011). An "insured" is statutorily defined to include the named insured and resident relative. S.C.Code Ann. § 38-77-30(7) (2002). As a result, resident relatives of the named insured are generally covered as an "insured" under the named insured's policy regardless of whether the named insured gave them permission to operate the covered vehicle. See S.C.Code Ann. § 38-77-140(A) (Supp.2011) (providing that automobile insurance policies must provide coverage to "the persons defined as the insured"); § 38-77-30(7) ("`Insured' means the named insured and, while resident of the same household, the spouse of any named insured and relatives of either....").
The purpose of the MVFRA is to give greater protection to those injured through the negligent operation of automobiles. Penn. Nat'l Mut. Cas. Ins. Co. v. Parker, 282 S.C. 546, 551, 320 S.E.2d 458, 461 (Ct.App.1984). The legislation requires insurance for the benefit of the public, and an
Nevertheless, our courts have consistently cautioned that "[r]easonable exclusionary clauses which do not conflict with the legislative expression of the public policy of the State as revealed in the various motor vehicle insurance statutes are permitted." Id. In fact, our Code specifies certain exclusions that may be included in automobile insurance policies. For example:
S.C.Code Ann. § 38-77-220 (2002). Section 56-9-20(5)(c) of the MVFRA contains similar language. See S.C.Code Ann. § 56-9-20(5)(c) (2006) ("The motor vehicle liability policy need not insure any liability under the Workers' Compensation Law nor any liability on account of bodily injury to or death of an employee of the insured while engaged in the employment, other than domestic, of the insured, or while engaged in the operation, maintenance, or repair of the motor vehicle, nor any liability for damage to property owned by, rented to, in charge of, or transported by the insured.").
Further, under section 38-77-340 of our Code, the named insured may agree with the insurer that the named insured's policy "shall not apply" while certain persons operate the motor vehicle:
S.C.Code Ann. § 38-77-340 (Supp.2011). The purpose of this section is to "alleviate the problem often faced by the owner of a family policy, who ... has a relatively safe driving record but is forced to pay higher premiums because another member of the family ... is by definition also included in the policy coverage." Lovette v. U.S. Fid. & Guar. Co., 274 S.C. 597, 600, 266 S.E.2d 782, 783 (1980) (internal quotation marks omitted) (discussing predecessor statute).
Here, Progressive is not required to provide minimum limits. The named driver endorsement statute says that, "[n]otwithstanding the definition of `insured' in Section 38-77-30,... a policy of liability insurance shall not apply" when the named driver is operating the vehicle. Thus, "the legislative expression of the public policy of the State as revealed in the various motor vehicle insurance statutes" specifies that an insurer's obligation to provide minimum limits for "insureds" is inapplicable when the person named in the endorsement is driving and the statute's remaining requirements are satisfied. Because the policy is not in effect when the named driver is operating the vehicle and such an endorsement is part of our state's public policy, the MVFRA's mandate that "[t]he liability of the insurance carrier with respect to the insurance required by this chapter shall become absolute whenever injury or damage covered by the motor vehicle liability policy occurs" does not apply.
Respondents cite to a number of cases to support their argument that the named driver endorsement does not obviate Progressive's duty to provide minimum limits because the General Assembly promulgated the MVFRA to protect third parties. See S.C. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. Mumford, 299 S.C. 14, 382 S.E.2d 11 (Ct.App.1989); Parker, 282 S.C. 546, 320 S.E.2d 458. We agree the MVFRA was created to protect third parties. But our cases that hold an injured party can obtain coverage for the minimum limits on a policy despite purportedly falling within an exclusion do not address policy provisions explicitly authorized by statute at the time of the injury. See, e.g., Am. Mut. Fire Ins. Co. of Charleston, Inc. v. Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co., 303 S.C. 301, 303-04, 400 S.E.2d 147, 148 (1991) (holding a provision in a car dealership's policy that "excluded liability coverage for an individual using a covered vehicle while working in the business of servicing automobiles" was invalid with respect to a permissive user who was an employee of another car dealership because the exclusion contravened the MVFRA's requirement that the policy to cover persons defined as "insured," including permissive users, and noting: "certain statutes provide specific exemptions which may be properly included in an automobile liability policy, thus giving rise to a strong inference that no other exceptions were intended" (overruling Stanley v. Reserve
In contrast, and consistent with the principles stated in Barlow, we have held that claimants were validly excluded from all automobile coverage due to a statutorily permitted exclusion despite the MVFRA's mandate. See State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. N. River Ins. Co., 288 S.C. 374, 375-76,
Respondents also rely heavily upon United Services Automobile Association v. Markosky, 340 S.C. 223, 530 S.E.2d 660 (Ct.App.2000), and Allstate Insurance Company v. United States Fidelity & Guaranty Company, 619 P.2d 329 (Utah 1980), in support of their arguments. However, those cases are not applicable.
In Markosky, an insured failed to notify its insurer of a traffic accident, and this court rejected an argument that the MVFRA required the insurer to pay more than the mandatory minimum liability limits to a third party despite the existence of greater policy limits. 340 S.C. at 230-31, 530 S.E.2d at 664. The court acknowledged that an insured's failure to follow the notice provisions of a minimum limits policy does not void the policy. Id. at 227-28, 530 S.E.2d at 663 (citing Shores v. Weaver, 315 S.C. 347, 354-55, 433 S.E.2d 913, 916-17 (Ct.App. 1993)). But it noted that other courts have addressed "identical" mandatory limits statutes and held similar conduct on the insured's part could defeat entitlement to recovery of more than the minimum limits because the protection afforded by the MVFRA to the policy applied only to coverage required by that legislation. Id. at 228, 530 S.E.2d at 663 (citing Odum v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 101 N.C. App. 627, 401 S.E.2d 87, 91-92 (1991), and Swain v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 253 N.C. 120, 116 S.E.2d 482, 487-88 (1960)). The court opted to adopt such an approach in light of the legislative directive to construe the MVFRA so as to make its application uniform with substantially identical legislation. Id.
Allstate Ins. Co., 619 P.2d at 333.
Neither Markosky, its citation of Allstate, nor Allstate itself provide good authority for holding that an insurer is required to provide coverage in this case. First, Allstate held that a named driver provision was void under Utah law to the extent it purported to avoid the protection of mandatory minimum limits established by Utah's No-Fault Insurance Act. Allstate Ins. Co., 619 P.2d at 333. The Allstate opinion did not address whether any Utah statute specifically authorized named driver exclusions. After the Utah court decided Allstate, the Utah legislature promulgated a statute that provided a policy may include a named driver provision to "specifically exclude" certain named drivers "from coverage." See Utah Code Ann. § 31A-22-302.5 (2011). Second, the issue in Markosky involved whether the insured's conduct in breach of its duty to notify the insured of an accident would result in minimum coverage. Markosky did not address the issue here — whether the MVFRA required minimum limit coverage despite a statute that specifically authorized a provision as part of the state's public policy. Third, the citation in Markosky that included Allstate also included decisions from state courts that have adopted positions consistent with ours. Cf. State Farm Auto. Ins. Co. v. Dressler, 153 Ariz. 527, 738 P.2d 1134, 1138 (Ct.App.1987) ("[I]t is inconceivable that the legislature would purposely enact statutory language that authorized the insurer to exclude coverage for personal liability incurred by the unacceptable driver and to exclude vicarious liability incurred due to the unacceptable driver's conduct, but not to exclude coverage for the named insured's personal liability for negligently
"`[T]he legislature has determined that for all vehicles registered in South Carolina, at least minimal coverage is necessary to protect the public.'" Markosky, 340 S.C. at 230, 530 S.E.2d at 664 (quoting Shores, 315 S.C. at 355, 433 S.E.2d
The MVFRA does not permit recovery of minimum limits liability coverage on a motor vehicle liability insurance policy when a person named in a policy provision pursuant to section 38-77-340 is operating the motor vehicle and the requirements of the statute are satisfied because the policy "shall not apply" under those circumstances. Consequently, we reverse the grant of summary judgment to Lincoln General because the MVFRA does not require Progressive to cover the Respondents' claim up to the statutorily set minimum limits of liability.
HUFF and GEATHERS, JJ., concur.